上一篇博客主要聊了下分布式文檔存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫之MongoDB備份與恢復(fù)，回顧請(qǐng)參考https://www.jb51.net/article/199845.htm；今天我們來了解下mongodb的訪問控制；
什么是訪問控制？
簡(jiǎn)單講訪問控制就是指，哪些用戶可以訪問哪些資源，對(duì)資源有哪些操作（權(quán)限）；在mongodb中我們把數(shù)據(jù)庫、或者集合叫做資源；也就說訪問控制是用來限制某些用戶對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫或集合的操作；我們?cè)趍ysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中，我們通過給賬號(hào)授權(quán)的方式達(dá)到控制哪些用戶可以從哪些主機(jī)訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫有哪些操作；其中賬號(hào)由用戶名稱和主機(jī)地址構(gòu)成；在mongodb中采用的不是用戶+主機(jī)地址的方式，而是通過給用戶賦予一個(gè)或多個(gè)角色，這個(gè)角色或多個(gè)角色的所有權(quán)限就是這個(gè)用戶擁有的權(quán)限；默認(rèn)情況mongodb是沒有啟用訪問控制的，所以只要能夠連接上mongodb實(shí)例，我們就可以在其上做任何操作，在某種程度上，這是一種極為不安全的方式，為了杜絕這種不安全的訪問方式，我們需要對(duì)mongodb進(jìn)行訪問控制；
mongodb中的角色權(quán)限說明
mongodb默認(rèn)內(nèi)置了一些角色，不同的角色擁有不同的權(quán)限，如下圖
查看mongodb中某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫所有內(nèi)置角色
> db.runCommand({rolesInfo:1,showBuiltinRoles:true})
{
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "dbAdmin",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
},
{
"role" : "dbOwner",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
},
{
"role" : "enableSharding",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
},
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
},
{
"role" : "userAdmin",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
>
提示：以上是mongodb中test庫的默認(rèn)角色；如果要查看其它庫，我們需要切換到其他庫，然后運(yùn)行上述命令查看即可；
查詢當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)中的某個(gè)角色
> db
test
> db.runCommand({rolesInfo:"userAdmin"})
{
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdmin",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
>
查詢其他數(shù)據(jù)庫中指定的角色權(quán)限
> db.runCommand({rolesInfo:{role:"userAdmin",db:"config"}})
{
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdmin",
"db" : "config",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
> db.runCommand({rolesInfo:{role:"root",db:"config"}})
{ "roles" : [ ], "ok" : 1 }
> db.runCommand({rolesInfo:{role:"root",db:"admin"}})
{
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
>
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用戶名為tom，其角色為超級(jí)管理員角色root
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({user:"tom",pwd:"admin123.com",roles:[{"role":"root","db":"admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "tom",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
>
查看當(dāng)前庫用戶列表
> db
admin
> db.getUsers()
[
{
"_id" : "admin.tom",
"userId" : UUID("67bf434a-49fc-4ed5-9e9b-23c443a2fc93"),
"user" : "tom",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
]
>
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員用戶
> db.createUser({user:"jerry",pwd:"admin123.com",roles:["userAdminAnyDatabase"]})
Successfully added user: { "user" : "jerry", "roles" : [ "userAdminAnyDatabase" ] }
> db.getUsers()
[
{
"_id" : "admin.jerry",
"userId" : UUID("5d0b77f2-b7f1-40cd-8149-f08b2e1e6a80"),
"user" : "jerry",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
},
{
"_id" : "admin.tom",
"userId" : UUID("67bf434a-49fc-4ed5-9e9b-23c443a2fc93"),
"user" : "tom",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
]
>
提示：如果創(chuàng)建用戶時(shí)，未指定db，則表示當(dāng)前該用戶對(duì)當(dāng)前所在db生效；
刪除用戶
> db.dropUser("jerry")
true
> db.getUsers()
[
{
"_id" : "admin.tom",
"userId" : UUID("67bf434a-49fc-4ed5-9e9b-23c443a2fc93"),
"user" : "tom",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
]
>
提示：刪除用戶，需切換到對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)下，指定對(duì)應(yīng)用戶名稱即可；在mongodb中用戶是對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫的，一個(gè)用戶可以對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)或多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，在指定數(shù)據(jù)庫刪除用戶，就表示刪除指定用戶對(duì)指定數(shù)據(jù)庫的訪問權(quán)限；
修改指定用戶的密碼
> db
admin
> db.changeUserPassword("tom","123456")
>
提示：修改用戶密碼，第一個(gè)是指定用戶的名稱，第二個(gè)是指定新密碼；
驗(yàn)證用戶名和密碼
給錯(cuò)誤的密碼
> db
admin
> db.auth("tom","admin")
Error: Authentication failed.
0
>
給正確的密碼
> db
admin
> db.auth("tom","123456")
1
>
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)普通用戶
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"admin",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"testdb"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "testdb"
}
]
}
> db.getUsers()
[
{
"_id" : "testdb.test",
"userId" : UUID("95ecb34c-46f4-44fa-8948-4f0875499d8e"),
"user" : "test",
"db" : "testdb",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "testdb"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
]
>
提示：以上就創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)名為test的用戶，它可對(duì)testdb這個(gè)庫下的所有collection做讀寫操作；
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)多角色的用戶
> db
testdb
> db.createUser(
... {
... user:"jerry1",
... pwd:"admin123.com",
... roles:[
... {role:"clusterAdmin",db:"admin"},
... {role:"readWrite",db:"testdb"},
... {role:"read",db:"testdb1"}
... ]
... })
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "jerry1",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "clusterAdmin",
"db" : "admin"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "testdb"
},
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "testdb1"
}
]
}
> db.getUsers()
[
{
"_id" : "testdb.jerry1",
"userId" : UUID("43d66bf8-1e3a-4c14-ad73-5961b5a7660f"),
"user" : "jerry1",
"db" : "testdb",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "clusterAdmin",
"db" : "admin"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "testdb"
},
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "testdb1"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
},
{
"_id" : "testdb.test",
"userId" : UUID("95ecb34c-46f4-44fa-8948-4f0875499d8e"),
"user" : "test",
"db" : "testdb",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "testdb"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
]
>
提示：在mongodb中一個(gè)用戶可以授權(quán)擁有多個(gè)角色權(quán)限；
開啟mongodb服務(wù)端訪問控制配置
重啟服務(wù)
[root@node12 ~]# systemctl restart mongod.service [root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@node12 ~]#
測(cè)試：現(xiàn)在連接mongodb，看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么？
[root@node12 ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabledgssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("68fa2f83-64a4-42c2-8d64-9ee73a77e883") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
> show dbs
> db
test
> show tables
Warning: unable to run listCollections, attempting to approximate collection names by parsing connectionStatus
>
提示：現(xiàn)在我們直接連接mongodb是可以正常連接，但是我們沒法查看數(shù)據(jù)列表以及collections了；這個(gè)時(shí)候我們就需要進(jìn)行用戶認(rèn)證了；
認(rèn)證用戶
> db
test
> db.auth("test","admin")
Error: Authentication failed.
0
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.auth("test","admin")
1
> show dbs
> show collections
>
提示：認(rèn)證用戶必須切換到對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫下做認(rèn)證；我這里test用戶只能對(duì)testdb庫下的所有collection進(jìn)行讀寫，所以認(rèn)證以后，我們?cè)谑褂?show dbs命令就看不到系統(tǒng)admin和config庫了；除了上述連接數(shù)據(jù)庫以后使用db.auth()做用戶認(rèn)證，我們也可直接在連接數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí)指定用戶名和密碼，如下
[root@node12 ~]# mongo -utest -padmin testdb
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/testdb?compressors=disabledgssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("60c43e94-04c6-46f4-be07-07ca8fa06b2f") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
> show dbs
> exit
bye
[root@node12 ~]# mongo -utest -padmin 192.168.0.52:27017/testdb
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/testdb?compressors=disabledgssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("a30dbd64-7b59-4a8e-b95d-02ff30e256f3") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
> show dbs
> show tables
>
以上就是在mongodb中開啟訪問控制，創(chuàng)建用戶，授權(quán)的操作；我們只需要在配置文件中指定開啟認(rèn)證功能，然后使用具有創(chuàng)建用戶權(quán)限的用戶登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建用戶授權(quán)即可；
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標(biāo)簽：楚雄 菏澤 池州 白山 呼倫貝爾 安順 舟山 黃石
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