環(huán)境
git : 2+
前言
最近兩天，公司的git合并代碼時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，浪費(fèi)很多時(shí)間；
現(xiàn)在記錄下；
情況是這樣的，一個(gè)同事自己的本地分支（遠(yuǎn)程沒(méi)有），不知怎么的，有了別人開(kāi)發(fā)分支的代碼，而他自己又不知道；
其在切換到主分支，并merge自己的分支，此時(shí)其已經(jīng)把別人正在開(kāi)發(fā)的代碼都合并到了主分支。
到了晚上準(zhǔn)備升級(jí)時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)，主分支的代碼出了問(wèn)題；此時(shí)版本庫(kù)是這樣的：
如圖 100047dcc這一步就有不該有的代碼；
而此時(shí)版本庫(kù)已經(jīng)提交過(guò)了很多次，現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題就是，如何撤銷(xiāo)掉100047dcc提交的代碼，并且保留其他人提交的代碼。
這個(gè)問(wèn)題，折騰到了晚上9點(diǎn)半左右，嘗試了網(wǎng)上給出的：
git rebase -i commit_id
//再通過(guò)將pick改為drop
但是，實(shí)際的效果是，100047dcc代碼沒(méi)了，其他人提交的代碼也沒(méi)有了！
也就是給人感覺(jué)和git reset --hard be8c6f6dd沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別！
最后因?yàn)樘恚瑥奶峤挥涗浬峡矗?code>100047dcc之后就一個(gè)人提交了代碼，所以就執(zhí)行了：
//先切一個(gè)備份分支
git branch -b master_tmp
//再執(zhí)行
git reset --hard be8c6f6dd
之后，那個(gè)人（也就是我）從備份分支上把文件拷貝回來(lái)—（因?yàn)槲沂侵苯釉谥鞣种细牡模约旱姆种Р](méi)有代碼）。
第二天，我打算去拷貝文件，我執(zhí)行如下操作：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git pull
remote: Counting objects: 44, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (23/23), done.
remote: Total 26 (delta 19), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (26/26), done.
From gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice
+ 1784b12...384decc master -> origin/master (forced update)
f8f2b19..eb33489 devyaomy -> origin/devyaomy
* [new branch] master_tmp -> origin/master_tmp
Already up-to-date.
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 796 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working directory clean
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git push
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice.git
384decc..1784b12 master -> master
簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，我的操作就是兩步：
1git pull
2、git push
結(jié)果又把代碼還原回去了！
為啥呢？
雖然昨天晚上，把遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)的版本回退到了正確的版本，但是我的本地主分支還是最新的commit，也就是說(shuō)，相比遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)，我本地庫(kù)是超前了多次提交，畢竟因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)程庫(kù)回退了嘛！
這個(gè)時(shí)候，我必須也得對(duì)本地庫(kù)進(jìn)行回退，回退到線上相同的commit節(jié)點(diǎn)才行。
這個(gè)時(shí)候，我做了以下幾個(gè)操作：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --soft 384deccaa6
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitignore
modified: conf/application.conf
new file: conf/hanlp.properties
new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
// 文件太多不一一顯示
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master)
$ git reset --hard 384deccaa6
上面敲了很多命令，其實(shí)真正只需要git reset --hard 384deccaa6即可。
git reset --hard 384deccaa6
接下來(lái)，我開(kāi)始復(fù)制粘貼，從備份分支上，把代碼拷貝下。
真的操蛋，這等于是增加工作量啊！
revert 撤銷(xiāo)某次提交
到了下午，又有個(gè)同事干了類(lèi)似我上午的操作。把不該有的代碼提交上去了！
這就麻煩了，雖然遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)回退了！結(jié)果是要求凡是pull最新代碼的人，都得進(jìn)行本地回退的操作。
否則，就沒(méi)完沒(méi)了！
到了晚上，對(duì)著備份分支進(jìn)行測(cè)試，終于找到了優(yōu)雅的解決辦法！
這就是revert命令
該命令就是為撤銷(xiāo)某次提交而存在的；
首先，我是明白100047dcc這次提交是有問(wèn)題的，這是問(wèn)題的源頭；
也就是說(shuō)，只要我們把這次提交的給撤銷(xiāo)了，就不會(huì)有問(wèn)題了！
步驟 一
$ git revert 100047dcc
error: Commit 100047dccb58f3ee5e27b0dfaf5c02ac91dc2c73 is a merge but no -m option was given.
fatal: revert failed
結(jié)果報(bào)錯(cuò)了，報(bào)了一個(gè)Commit is a merge but no -m option was given.
為什么呢？
如果100047dcc這只是一個(gè)普通的提交，其實(shí)是不會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的！
但是，這是一個(gè)merge的提交。
那么在撤銷(xiāo)時(shí)，git并不知道我要撤銷(xiāo)具體哪次！如下圖：
這個(gè)時(shí)候，怎么辦呢？
我的做法
步驟二
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 1
error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs
hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
hint: with 'git add paths>' or 'git rm paths>'
hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
我執(zhí)行了這樣的一個(gè)操作：
git revert 100047dcc -m 1
參數(shù) -m 就是指定要撤銷(xiāo)的那個(gè)提價(jià)，從左往右，從1開(kāi)始數(shù)；也就是我撤銷(xiāo)的是ca4a7ff999。
接著其把代碼沖突，然后我就解決沖突，保留主分支的代碼，去掉那個(gè)人的代碼。
解決完沖突后，我執(zhí)行如下操作：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master_tmp'.
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
(all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
(use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD file>..." to unstage)
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/datacentre/action/GetIncomeDistributeAction.java
//文件太多省略。。。
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "ceshi"
[master_tmp d2ae829] ceshi
18 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-)
我上面執(zhí)行的語(yǔ)句其實(shí)就是：
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "ceshi"
步驟三
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs
hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths
hint: with 'git add paths>' or 'git rm paths>'
hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
也就是執(zhí)行：
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
即 撤銷(xiāo)be8c6f6dde的提交，這個(gè)時(shí)候也會(huì)提示代碼沖突了，
接著和上面一樣，解決沖突，在提交：
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
(fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
(use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitignore
deleted: conf/hanlp.properties
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
// 文件太多省略。。。
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git add -A
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git status
On branch master_tmp
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You are currently reverting commit 100047d.
(all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
(use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitignore
modified: conf/application.conf
deleted: conf/hanlp.properties
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/hq/action/GetStockHistoryDynamicAction.java
modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/keybordspirit/action/GetMyGroupStockIndexAction.java
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING)
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本號(hào) -m 1或者2同時(shí)進(jìn)行撤銷(xiāo)某次提交測(cè)試"
[master_tmp 236da00] 使用revert 版本號(hào) -m 1或者2同時(shí)進(jìn)行撤銷(xiāo)某次提交測(cè)試
95 files changed, 2093 insertions(+), 10011 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 conf/hanlp.properties
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/BindMobileGG3Action.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/SendMobileCaptchaGG3Action.java
rewrite dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mystocktags/service/MyStockTagService.java (82%)
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRankListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRecommendReportListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHonoraryAuthorListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotIndustryListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotStockListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotThemeListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetOrganRankListAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/AuthorOrganRankCondition.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/HotReportCondition.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/service/HotReportService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/AutoLoginAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/BindOuterChannelAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/EmailRegisterAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/GetUserAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/IsAccountExistAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LoginAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LogoutAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/OuterChannelLoginAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/RegisterAction.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/LoginService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/RegisterService.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserCommonUtils.java
delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserService.java
即：
$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "使用revert 版本號(hào) -m 1或者2同時(shí)進(jìn)行撤銷(xiāo)某次提交測(cè)試"
可以看出刪除掉了那個(gè)人提交的文件。
最后一步
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp)
$ git push
這樣就把那個(gè)人提交錯(cuò)誤的代碼給刪除了，其他人的本地分支也不需要版本回退了！
一次改好，到處OK！
總結(jié)
當(dāng)想撤銷(xiāo)中間某次提交時(shí)，強(qiáng)烈建議使用revert命令，而不是reset。
git reset –hard commit_id 雖然可以回退遠(yuǎn)程庫(kù)，但是其要求pull最新代碼的每個(gè)人的本地分支都要進(jìn)行版本回退。這樣就增加工作量了！
正確的步驟：
git revert commit_id
//如果commit_id是merge節(jié)點(diǎn)的話,-m是指定具體哪個(gè)提交點(diǎn)
git revert commit_id -m 1
//接著就是解決沖突
git add -A
git commit -m ".."
git revert commit_id -m 2
//接著就是解決沖突
git add -A
git commit -m ".."
git push
其中git revert commit_id -m 數(shù)字是針對(duì)，merge提交點(diǎn)的操作。
如果是普通的提交點(diǎn)，不需要這么麻煩。
參考地址：
[Git高級(jí)教程(二)] 遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)版本回退方法
https://www.cnblogs.com/ShaYeBlog/p/5368064.html
https://blog.csdn.net/hongchangfirst/article/details/49472913
到此這篇關(guān)于git 優(yōu)雅的撤銷(xiāo)中間某次提交方法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)git 撤銷(xiāo)某次提交內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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